The α carbon, carboxyl, and amino groups are common to all amino acids, so the R-group is the only unique feature in each amino acid. At the “center” of each amino acid is a carbon called the α carbon and attached to it are four groups - a hydrogen, an α- carboxyl group, an α-amine group, and an R-group, sometimes referred to as a side chain. that the twenty amino acids and the four bases, are, with minor reservations, the same throughout Nature." - Francis CrickĪll amino acids have the same basic structure, which is shown in Figure 2.1. "It is one of the more striking generalizations of biochemistry. Linked together in long chains called polypeptides, amino acids are the building blocks for the vast assortment of proteins found in all living cells. The entire textbook is available for free from the authors at Īll of the proteins on the face of the earth are made up of the same 20 amino acids.
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